NARRATIVE TEXT

In semester 1, we have learned about narrative text. But in semester 2 we will learn about narrative text again. The following explanation..:D

Narrative text is a text that is used for the purpose of entertaining or a musing, creating, stimulating emotions, motivating, guilding, and teaching the listeners and it usually deals with actual or vicious experience.

Narrative text has three elements or parts :
1. The orientation introduces main characters in a setting of place and time. It tells about : the story’s setting , the time when the story happens, and the main characters of the story.

2. The complications tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them. Series of events ( It includes situations, activities, or events that lead to the climax or complication. )

3. The Resolution tells the ending of the story (The complication or problem is solved here. It shows the end of the story, usually a happy ending ).

The Characteristics of Narrative text :
1. Past Tense
2. Dialogues
3. Lingking words that are connected with the time
4. The wring / it use the first person (I) and the third person (he, she, they).
5. The purpose is to enternain and to muse the readers.

Some Important points in the story of narrative text are :
It uses temporal conjuction : Ex. Once upon a time, a long time ago, etc.
It uses simple past tense : Ex. There lived one day there etc.

Example:

PETERPAN 

    Once upon a time there was a beautiful place called Neverland where Peter Pan and Tinker Bell lived.Not so far from this place is the city of London where John, Wendy and Michael Darling lived.They really love the story of Peter.One day Peter Pan appeared and asked the children to fly to Neverland.They where excited to see the scenery and beauty of Neverland.Then, they were surprised to know the existence of a cruel pirate called Captain Hook.One day Captain Hook captured Tinker Bell and forced her to show Peter Pan’s place.In doing so all Peter’s friends, the Darlings were captured and taken to the pirate ship.Captain Hook frightened the children by putting them on the plank.
    Suddenly, Peter Pan appeared and stopped everything in a fierce duel, he threw Hook and all the pirates overboard.Hook was chased away by the crocodile and nobody cared to save him.
    The Darlings were so happy and thankful to Peter Pan. They told Peter their intention to go home.With the sprinkle of Tinker Bell’s Pixie Dust.Captain Hook’s pirate ship was sailing through the skies of Neverland, heading back to the Darling’s home in London.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place.

Generic Structure of Descriptive Text:

1.Identification

2.Identifying the phenomenon to be describe.

3.Description

4.Describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or and characteristics.

Language figures :
a. Topic is usually about the attributes of a think.
b. The use of think person pronoun forms is used.
c. The use of focus specific human and non human participants.
d. The use of reasoning expressed as verbs or noun.
e. The use of material.
f. The use of relation and mental process.

Characteristic :
a. Use the simple present tense.
b. Using detailed noun phrases to provide information on the subject.
c. Uses relating verbs to provide information on the subject.
d. Use the thinking and feeling verbs to reveal personal views about the   subject author.
e. Use action verbs.
f. Use adverbials to provide additional information.
g. Use figurative language such as simile, metaphor.

Grammatical features :
- Who? What?
- Using linking verb and simple present tense,
- Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase,
- Attributive (the)
- Use a attributive and identifying process,
- Focus an specific participants,
- Frequent use of epithets and classified in nominal groups

Example :

Singapore

Have you ever visited Singapore? Well, if you haven’t, let me tell you about Singapore. Singapore is an island city. Its population is about three millions people. Most Singaporeans live in high-rise apartments.

Uhm…Singapore is a beautiful city with lots of parks and open spaces. It is also a very clean city. You know, the business district is very modern, with lots of tall and new buildings.

Now, let me tell you about the old section of the city. In Chinatown, there are rows of old shop houses. The government buildings in Singapore are also very unique and antique. They date from the British colonial days.
Shopping! Wow, this is the part that I like very much! Singapore is famous for its many good shopping centers. Most of the goods are duty free. It’s a heaven for shoppers!
 
What about food? Uhmm ..yummy..yummy. It’s delicious. Singapore’s restaurants provide Chinese, Indian, Malay, and European food, and the prices are quite reasonable. I bet you’ll like it.

Well, since Singapore lies near the equatorial line, of course, it has a tropical climate, with a nice weather in both dry and rainy season.

INVITATION (WRITTEN)

 

Invitations is a request to somebody to do something or go somewhere. in a invitation ,there are the date, time and place of the event.

Invitation tells about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular program or activity.

 

Type of invitation :

1.Formal invitation

Formal invitation is usually originate from institutes , companies , and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.

2.Informal invitation

Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend , family , etc. informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.

 

How to Invite people ?

- I would like to invite you …

- Would you like to come … ?

- How would you like to … ?

- If you are not busy , please …

- Are you free this evening ?

 

Accepting invitation :
->Yes,I’d love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.

Declining / refusing :

• I’d love to, but I can’t..

• I’m really sorry because I can’t come

• Sorry, I’m really busy 

• I’d love to , but I won’t be able to …

 

 

 

NEWS ITEM

SOCIAL FUNCTION OF NEWS ITEM IS: 

to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic Structure :

- Newsworthy event(s) : Recount the event in a summary form

- Background events : Elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances

- Sources : Comments by participants in witnesses to and authorities expert on the event

Language Features :

- short telegraphic information about story captured in headline

- generally using simple past tense

- use of material processes to retell the event

- using action verb,e.g : were,run,go,kill,etc

- using saying verbs,e.g : say,tell

- focus on circumstances

- use of projecting verbal processes in sources stages

How To Find The Information :

> what : to find what happening

> when : to find the time about event

> where : to find the places of the event

> who : everybody who involves in the event ; it can be victims,participants

> why : to find the couse of the event 

> how : to find the way how the event happened

• There are some rules that an help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
• The passive voice is used without the appropriate from of ‘’be’’.
• It is unusual to find complex fprms, generally the simple prent form id used.
• The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
• To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
• Headlines are not alwasy complete sentences.

 

 

 

SURPRISE AND DISBELIEF

Surprises and disbelief  is a feeling that we feel when heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us an expression that we show/ say when we know /hear/see something that rather difficult to believe .Used to express something that we cant or impossible.

Expressing Surprise:

• Wow! What a surprise!
• That's a surprise!
• That's very surprising!
• Really?
• What?
• Are you serious? You must be joking!
• You're kidding!
• Fancy that!
• I must say it surprise me

Responding:

• Yeah!
• It is
• Yup!
• Sure
• It's true
• I'm serious
• No, I'm not
• Does it?
• It is, isn't it?

When you got surprising fact, you can say:

• Do you know what?
• Believe it or not?
• You may not believe it, but.....
• Can you believe this?

Example of Surprise:
Rensi: Whose car is that?
Yeyen: It's Tami
Rensi: Are you kidding me?
Yeyen: No, I'm not. I saw her riding that car this morning
Rensi: What's surprise!

Expressing Disbelief:

• I don't believe it
• It can't be true
• I can't think of it
• I don't trust you

Example of Disbelief:
Tetty: I heard the news about tiren. What is tiren, Diana?
Diana: "Tiren" stand for "mati kemarin". It is chicken meat taken from a dead chicken. In other word, it is a corpse.
Tetty: I can't believe this! How can people sell such chicken meat?
Diana: Some say, they want to get more bucks of money.
Tetty: I don't think they should do it. They cheat the buyers.
Diana: More than that. They harm the buyers.
Tetty: That's right!

   

Expressions	Functions
Are you serious ? No ! I don’t’t believe it. You must be joking. You’re kidding	Expressing disbelief
Really ? That’s very surprising. What a surprises ! My goodness.	Expressing surprise

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

Prepositional phrases are groups of words that have a preposition and an object of the preposition. The whole phrase will always act as either an adjective or an adverb.

 A preposition will always start the phrase, and an object of the preposition will always end it. An object of the preposition is a noun or pronoun that follows the preposition.

Here are other examples of prepositional phrases:

·       > That man is from Korea

·       > We will discuss the matter after breakfast

·   > She put the book  on the table

These are the patterns for a prepositional phrapase:

• preposition + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause
• preposition + modifier (s) + noun, pronoun, gerund or clause
  
  

VOCABS : SHAPES AND PARTS OF BODY

 Shapes are all the geometrical information that remains when location, scale and rotational effects are filtered out from an object .

 

SHAPES:
 

 Part of body is the entire structure of a human organism and consist of a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs. by the time human reaches adulthood, the body consist of close to 50 trillion cells, the basic unit of life.

 

Human Body:

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Simple Past Tense is used to indicate the activity in the past. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. So, it is commonly used in a story telling.


The formula of Simple Past Tense :
A. Without Verb :
(+) S + to be (was/were) + Obj. / Compliment
(-) S + to be (was/were) + not + Obj. / Compliment
(?) To be (was/were) + S + Obj. / Compliment + ?
   Example :
      (+) I was at home last night
      (-) I was not at home last night
      (?) Was I at home last night?

B. With Verb :
(+) S + V2 + Compliment
(-) S + did + not + V1 + Compliment
(?) Did + S + V1 + Compliment + ?
     Example :
       (+) I called him last night.
       (-) I did not call him last night.
       (?) Did I call him last night?

Time Signal of Simple Past Tense :
¯ Yesterday
¯ Yesterday afternoon
¯ Last night
¯ Last month
¯ Last week
¯ Last year
¯ An hour ago

PRESENT TENSE

Present Tense is simple form which used to express situation going into effect in this time. Like habit, everyday fact or natural phenomenon.
Simple Present tense to express habits, general truth, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emoticons and wishes.

Fuctions :

• A recently complete action.
• Past action whose time is not finite.
• An action beginning in the past and still continue to the present.
• A repeated action in the past.
  
  Formula of Simple Perfect Tense :
     (+) S + have/has + Verb3 + complement
     (-) S + have/has + not + Verb3 = complement
     (?) Have/has + S + Verb3 + complement + ?
  
  Example :
  (+) He has eaten your bread.
  (-) He hasn’t eaten your bread.
  (?) Has he eaten your bread ?
  
  Characteristic :
  1.Actions that happen now or today
  2.Some present tense verbs have "ing", "s", or "es" on the end of them
  3.Clue words: Now, Today
  
  Example adverbs for present tense:
  - Always
  - Never
  - Every
  - Often
  - Seldom
  - Sometimes
  - Usually
  
  

PROCEDURE TEXT

Procedure Text is designed to describle now something is achieved through a sequence of action or steps. Is explains now people perform different process in sequence of steps. This text uses the simple present tense, often imperativesen tence. It also usually user in the temporal conjuctions, such, as first, second, the, next, finally, etc.

The generic structures of procedurt text are :
1. Goal / aim (or title)
2. Material (nnot required for all procedural texts)
3. Steps (the actions that must be taken)

Languege Features:

• Use simple present
• Use imperative sentences (stir, hold up, etc.)
• Use temporal conjuction (first, next, finally
  
   

   How To Make Vanilla Ice Cream

  
  Materials:
  

  • 3/4 cup sugar
  • 2 cups half-and-half (made of an equal-parts mixture of two substances, including dairy products, alcoholic beverages, and soft drinks)
  • 2 cups heavy cream
  • 1 tbsp. vanilla extract
  • Groceries
  • Wire whisk
  • Ice cream maker
  • Plastic warp
  • Mixing bowls
    
    

    Steps:
    1. Combine the heavy ice cream and the half-and-half in a large bowl
    2. Gradually whisk in the sugar until blended
    3. Whisk in the vanilla
    4. Cover bowl with plastic wrap and refrigerate at least 3 hours or until very cold
    5. Whisk the mixture and then pour into the canister of an ice cream maker
    6. Freeze according to manufacturer's directions
    7. Transfer ice cream to a covered container and freeze up to 8 hours
    8. Vanilla ice cream is ready to serve
    
    

    

    
    
    
    

RECOUNT TEXT

Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

 

Generic Stucture :

- Orientation       : which tells the readers who was involved in the story, what happened, where the story took place and when it happened.

- Events              : which tell the sequence of events. These events are described in chronological.

- Re-Orientation : which summarizes the event. 

Language Feature :

• Introducing personal participant ; I, My group, etc
• Using choronological connection ; first, then,etc
• Using linking verb ; was, were, saw, heard, etc
• Using action verb ; look, go, change, etc
• Using simple past tense

Characteristic of Recount Text :

> Use of simple past tense

> Use of temporal conjunctions (when, after, before, next, later, then)

> Use of personal pronoun (I, we)

 

 

Example :

My Holiday was Fantastic

Last summer I got a fantastic holiday. I visited some great places.

I went to an airport and was going to fly to Cleveland. I was spending there two days. I liked to see some Cleveland Cavaliers basketball matches.

Then I went to Hollywood. Hollywood is a famous district in Los Angeles, California, United States. It had become world-famous as the center of the film industry. Four major film companies – Paramount, Warner Bros., RKO and Columbia – had studios in Hollywood. I did not want to leave but I had to.

After that, I went to New York city. I visited the Statue of Liberty. I went from the bottom of Manhattan to the top of the crown. That was very amazing.

The places made me feel at home but I have to go home. Next time I would return to them.
 

 

NARRATIVE TEXT

Narrative text is a text that is used for the purpose of entertaining or a musing, creating, stimulating emotions, motivating, guilding, and teaching the listeners and it usually deals with actual or vicious experience.

Language Features of Narrative    :
^ Using processes verbs
^ Using temporal conjunction
^ Using simple past tense

The generic structure of narrative text :
1. Orientation
            Is sets the scene and introduces the participants (it answes the questions – who, when, what, where).

2. Evaluation
           a stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about the narrator’s point of view) it is aptional.

3. Complication
           A crisis or a problem arises. It usually in volvers the main characters.

4. Resolution
           A solution the the problem (for better or worse) main characters find ways to solve the problem. 

Kind of Narrative Text :

- Legend       : Sangkuriang,Malin Kundang,etc

- Fable         : Mousedeer and Crocodile 

- Fairy Tale   : Cinderalla, Snow White, Pinocchio etc 

- Science Fiction 

Some Important points in the story of narrative text are :
- It uses temporal conjuction : Ex. Once upon a time, a long time ago, etc.
- It uses simple past tense : Ex. There lived one day there etc. 

Example :

Malin Kundang

Once Upon a time, lived a diligent boy named Malin Kundang. He lived in the seashore with his mother. They were very poor, but they lived quiet and harmonious.
One day, a big ship closed to the beach near their village. They asked peoples to join work in their ship and went to the cross island. Malin Kundang wanted to join with them because he wanted to improve his family’s life. But his mother didn’t permit him. She worried to Malin. Malin still kept his argument… and finally he sailed with the bigship.
Several years later, Malin Kundang succed and he became rich trader. Then, he came to his native village with his beatiful wife, but his wife didn’t know Malin’s real descent. His happy mother quickly approached Malin and brought a plate of village cake, Malin’s Favorite. But Malin didn’t admit that woman as his poor mother, and then he kicked the village cakewhich brought by his mother until scattered.
His mother very broken heart because malin rebellious to her, who had growth him. Then, his mother cursed Malin became stone.
Suddenly, the bigship which Malin’s had was vacillated by a big storm and all of his crewman tossed aside out. Malin realized that was his fault that rebellious his mother. He bowed down and became a stone.
 

 

ANNOUNCEMENTS

Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what will happen.

  Generic structure/ points:

        -The Title / type of event.
        -Date / Time, place.
        -Contact person

Greetings

Definition of Greetings :

Greetings is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other members of the animal kingdom) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention too, and suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.

 How do you greet other people ?

       -   How are you ?

       -   How's life ?

       -   How's everything with you ?

       -   How are you doing ?

 How do you introduce your self ?

       -   Let me introduce my self, my name is Kyuhyun.

       -   Hello, I'm Shandy

       -   Hi, I'm Vannesa. You can call me Nessa.

     How do you introduce other people ?

      -   I would like to introduce Nino.

      -   I would like you to meet Gracia.

      -   Excuse me, let me introduce you a new friend. His name is Simon

      -   Tia this is Nia.

     How do you close or end your conversation :

       -   Well, I should be going now

       -   See you !

       -   I'm sorry, but I have to go now

       -   Well, I must be off now, I'll talk to you later !

       -   It's been nice talking with you, see you later !