Gerunds, Present and Past Participle as Adjective

1. Gerunds
     
               Gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence.

Examples of the gerund:

· I like swimming. (direct object)

· Swimming is fun. (subject)

· I never gave swimming all that much effort. (indirect object)

2. Present

             The present (or now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of time between the past and the future, and can vary in meaning from being an instant to a day or longer. 

Example:
-I help people
-I'M happy today
-You are busy now
-We are ready
-She is tired
-I live in Jakarta
-I have breakfast at six 

3.Past Participle as Adjective

      Past participle adjective is :

• indicates a past or completed action or time
• is formed from a verbusing the perfect aspect and the passive voice
• does not take objectan 
• is often called the -ed form
• often has the same form as the simple past of the verb 

Example :

• The bored student.
• The confused class. (all the students)
• The chicken has eaten. (perfect aspect:)
• The chicken was eaten. (passive voice)